Renaissance documents

hey there Renaissance men and women! it might help to "divide and conquer" the DBQ packet so that you can start deciding on your use of the documents before we see each other again on Wednesday. Here's a list - please offer any helpful hints on how to make use of your assigned documents : Everyone read doc G (and feel free to comment) - then . .
Gavin, Shar, Nicole, Riley - Docs A, B, C
Dani, Sunjeev, Sonia, Zach - Doc D
Jamie, Wes, Jacob, Katelyn Doc E
Aaron H, Danny, Aziza, Aaron N Doc F

one short blog per person is fine - just to get some ideas flowing!

Pope Innocent III

• Was the pope in the pinnacle of papal authority
• Pope from 1198-1216
• Says that people of the church/ religious leaders should have the most power because they have the word of God and are his direct workers
• Power hungry
• Got into conflicts with many places such as England and France and even with rulers of the Roman Empire
• Says royal power gets their strength from the church

Byzantine Empire/Constantinople

• Constantine the Great, the 1st Roman emperor who adopted Christianity moved the capital of his empire from Rome to Byzantium in 324, later changing its name to Constantinople


• Rome left in the hands of the Pope and the Church


• Constantinople was built on 7 hills for defense and military strategies


• Many attempts to destroy or annex the capital and the empire were made by the Western Empire Christians and the Muslims


• Constantinople controlled the Eastern Christian Orthodox Empire


• Byzantium was located in modern day Turkey and Constantinople is modern day Istanbul


• Ub 1069 A.D., the old Western Roman Empire sent 4 crusades to take over Constantinople


• 4th Crusade from 1202 to 1204 established a Latin Empire in the capital, which later fell apart in 1261


• Constantinople existed until the Ottoman Empire seized it and renamed it Istanbul in 1453


• The Ottoman Empire was led by Sultan Mehmed the 2nd


• The Orthodox church moved to Moscow which became the 3rd rome and the city to carry on Orthodox Christiniaty


• "The chief function of Byzantium was to serve for over one thousand years as the bulwark of Christendom against invading infidel hordes and in this capacity to preserve for the world thh literary and philosophic heritage of ancient Greece"

William the Conqueror

• William the c. is a French man from Normandy
• he invaded England and took over England in 1066
• when taking over England this preserved Christianity from the Muslims
• he was said to be a good man to those who loved God
• he ruled over England, Wales, Scotland, and Normandy which he had in his natural inheritance
• William kept peace and violence down which helped to stabilize the society
• the first thing William did when he conquered England was built a monastery where he appointed monks
• William was humble for only wearing his crown three times in England
• he was a violent man and used his violence to keep order within his kingdom
• William didn't even spare his own brother Odo; this shows that even family wasn't going to come between him and his kingdom
• in conclusion William's accomplishments were preserving Christianity and stabilizing England for the western empire
• for further reading look at (WSB) pp 25-26

St. Francis

A series of Christian reform movements arouse during the High Middle Ages. One of which was headed by St. Francis of Assisi (1181-1126). St. Francis, born in the merchant class, gave up his material life for one of asceticism, and dedication to God. When doctrine known as St. Francis's Rule was adopted by Christianity in 1223, the Pope made Franciscans a branch of Christendom. This Rule had several key characterizing points of Francism:

1. Loyalty and obedience to the Pope and those elected after him.

2. Christians should not argue with or judge others. They should be of peaceful nature, and 

    act with virtue. 

3. Franciscans should not accept monetary means or land. Those inflicted with illness, and      that need to be clothed be provided for through friends. 

4. Devotion to God through prayer and other actions is superior to all other calls of duty. 

5. Franciscans should not have any material possessions of their own including, house, or  

            land. 

6. Franciscans are strictly forbidden from any sort of suspicious conversation with women. 

Crusades

Crusades (def. from class): "Church's effort to reclaim the Holy Lands from Muslim control."

Map: Atlas p. 30-31

Pages From Sourcebook Covered: p. 37-43 

Key Ideas:

-1095-1291 C.E.

-The Christians wanted to connect the separated empires and create one force to defeat the Muslims.

-A total of 8 major expeditions.

-Around 1,000,000 dead (including both sides)

-"Take Up The Cross" -> join the Christian side of the war and fight.

-Christians invaded Jerusalem July 7, 1099. (around 10,-20,000 Muslims killed). 

-Christians have control of Holy Lands for about 80 years. 

-Military genius, Saladin, starts running the war for the Muslims - eventually winning over Jerusalem and Acre. 

-Saladin leaves his land open to Christian pilgrims and other travelers.

-Richard "The Lion-Heart" regains control of Acre in 1191 because of his use of portable 'ladders' or 'stairs', per say. Acre is the last Christian foothold in the Holy Land.

-Saladin and Richard eventually declare peace.

-Ends up just how it began, total Muslim control of Holy Lands.

Key Documents:

Pope Urban II (Roman)

- Says Christians are chosen by God to rule the Holy Lands

- Uses some reverse psychology to convince the Franks to join the war.

Pope Eugenius III (Roman)

- Christians are now desperate for fighters.

- Uses money to convince them to join; also stopping their interest on bank loans, etc. 

- Church will take over everything you owe to your lord.

- You can leave the futile system to fight and still have your place in society, like you never left.

- Promises forgiveness of sins and eternal life.

Ekkenhard of Aurach (German)

- More reasons to join the crusade efforts.

- A push and pull factor to the war; no reason to stay in France.

Norman Cantor (Historian, 1973)

- Cantor's thesis: Most think that the crusades reopened trade, but in reality, trade never stopped between Italy and the Byzantine Empire.

- Crusades were just a justification for war and violence.

Map Below is the Map on p. 30-31 ---

Conversion of the Roman Empire

· During the 1^st century (C.E) Christianity was primarily practiced in the eastern Mediterranean.

· From the 1^st century (C.E) to the beginning of the 4^th century Christians were subject to mass prosecution by the Roman Empire.

· In 313 C.E, Emperor Constantine of Rome made a declaration to tolerate the Christians.

· In 380 C.E., Emperor Theodosius enacted a law making Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire

· After this time period Church leaders took power from Emperor, Christian faith was not very compatible with the rule of the Emperor.